The reference for this list of instrument ranges is the International Pitch Notation (IPN). Pedal tones are not included.
| INSTRUMENT | CLEF | PROFESSIONAL RANGE |
AMATEUR RANGE |
SOUNDS (transposition) | COMMENTS |
| VOICES | |||||
| Soprano | treble | Coloratura: C4-Eb6 Lyric: Bb3-C6 Dramatic: Ab3-C6 Mezzo: G3-Bb5 |
C4-A5 | as written | |
| Alto | treble | Contralto: F3-F#5 | F3-D5 | as written | |
| Tenor | treble (open score) bass (short score) |
Countertenor: G3-F#5 Lyric: C3-C5 Dramatic: C3-Bb4 |
C3-A4 | 8ve lower in treble as written in bass |
|
| Baritone | bass | Lyric: A2-G4 Dramatic: A2-G4 Bass: F#2-E4 |
G2-E4 | as written | |
| Bass | bass | cantante: F2-F4 profundo: Db2-D4 Contrabass: Bb1-G3 |
E2-D4 | as written | |
| STRINGS | |||||
| Violin | treble | G3-A7 | G3-G6 | as written | |
| Viola | alto | C3-E6 | C3-C6 | as written | |
| Cello | bass, tenor, treble | C2-C6 | C2-G5 | as written, but in treble clef may sound 8ve lower (Beethoven) | |
| Double Bass | bass | C2-C5, also A2, B2 | E2-G4 | 8ve lower | |
| Banjo | treble | C3-A4 | as written (tenor sounds 8ve lower) |
||
| Guitar | treble | E3-E6 | 8ve lower | ||
| Harp | grand staff | Cb1-G#7 | as written | ||
| WOODWINDS | |||||
| Piccolo | treble | D4-C7 | G4-A6 | 8ve higher | |
| Flute | treble | Bb3-D7 | C4-C7 | as written | |
| Flute, alto | treble | C4-C7 | P4 lower | uncommon in amateur groups |
|
| Oboe | treble | Bb3-A6 | C4-E6 | ||
| English Horn | treble | B3-G6 | B3-D6 | P5 lower | rare in amateur groups |
| Clarinet, all except bass |
treble | E3-C7 | E3-F6 | Bb: M2 lower A: m3 lower D: M2 higher Eb: m3 higher |
D, Eb are rare in amateur groups |
| Clarinet, Bass | treble or bass | Eb3-G6 | Eb3-C6 | M9 lower; M2 lower in bass |
rare in amateur groups |
| Bassoon | bass, tenor | Bb1-Eb5 | Bb1-Bb4 | as written | |
| Contrabassoon | bass | Bb1-C5 | 8ve lower | rare in amateur groups |
|
| Saxophone, all | treble | Bb3-G6 | Bb sop: M2 lower Eb alto: M6 lower Bb tenor: M9 lower Eb baritone: 8ve+M6 lower Bb bass: 2- 8ves +M2 lower |
||
| BRASS | |||||
| Horn | treble or bass | F#2-C6 | C3-G5 | P5 lower | |
| Trumpets, all except Eb Bass |
treble | F#3-D6 | A3-Bb5 | C: as written Bb: M2 lower D: M2 higher Eb: m3 higher Cornet in C: as written Cornet in A: m3 lower Bb Bass: M9 lower C Bass: 8ve lower Flugelhorn: M2 lower |
use only Bb and C |
| Trumpet, Eb Bass | treble | F3-C6 | M6 lower | ||
| Trombone, Tenor | bass, tenor, alto | E2-F5 | E2-Bb4 | as written | |
| Trombone, Bass | bass | Bb1-Bb4 | Bb1-F4 | as written, does not include pedal tones | |
| Tuba | bass | G0-C5 | E1-C4 | as written | |
| Baritone | bass or treble | E2-Bb4 in bass | as written in bass; M9 lower in treble |
||
| Euphonium | bass or treble | Bb1-F5 | E2-Bb4 | as written in bass; M9 lower in treble |
rare in amateur groups |
| PERCUSSION | |||||
| Timpani | bass | 1: C2-A2 2: F2-C3 3: Bb2-F3 4: D3-A3 |
as written | ||
| Xylophone | treble | G4-C7 | 8ve higher | ||
| Marimba | grand staff | (C2 to A2)-C7 | C3-C7 | as written | |
| Glockenspiel | treble | G3-C6 | 2- 8ves higher | ||
| Vibraphone | treble | F3-F6 | as written | ||
| Chimes | treble | C4-G5 | 8ve higher | ||
| KEYBOARD | |||||
| Piano | grand staff | A0-C8 | as written | ||
| Celesta | grand staff | C3-C7 | octave higher | ||
| Harpsichord | grand staff | F1-F6 | as written | ||
| Harmonium | grand staff | F1-F6 | as written | ||
| Organ | grand staff | C2-C7 | as written |
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